2024-01-01 · specialty, marine

Marine Coverage

Overview

Marine insurance covers ships, boats, cargo, and related liabilities during transit and storage. It is used by vessel owners, shippers, logistics companies, and businesses that move goods domestically or internationally. Policies can be structured as voyage-specific, annual, or open cargo coverage depending on shipping frequency.

Core coverages

Hull and machinery: covers physical damage to the vessel and onboard equipment.
Protection and indemnity (P&I): liability for injuries, property damage, and pollution.
Cargo coverage: protects goods in transit by sea, air, or land.
Builders risk: covers vessels under construction or major refit.
Freight coverage: protects the cost of freight if cargo is lost.

Common exclusions and limitations

Inadequate packaging or poor stowage of cargo.
Wear and tear or gradual deterioration of vessels.
Delays or market losses not caused by physical damage.
Unseaworthy vessels or noncompliance with safety regulations.

Cost drivers

Type and value of cargo or vessel and its susceptibility to damage.
Routes and ports of call with higher theft or weather risks.
Claims history and loss control practices.
Deductibles and limits selected for cargo or hull coverage.

How to compare policies

Clarify the transit scope (door-to-door, port-to-port, or storage included).
Confirm coverage triggers like “all-risk” versus named perils.
Check sublimits for high-value goods or fragile cargo.
Review salvage and general average provisions for shared losses.

Tips for better coverage

Document packing, container seals, and chain of custody.
Use certified carriers and verify their liability limits.
Update coverage values regularly to avoid underinsurance.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need marine insurance if my carrier has coverage? Carrier liability is often limited; cargo insurance can fill gaps.

What is general average? A maritime principle where all parties share certain losses to save a voyage.